PSG has now claimed the season-opening trophy on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired twice late to take a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.
